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Because Applied Psychology is now being introduced widely as an orientation course, immediately following the class in Introductory Psychology, this textbook stresses the wide general applications of psychology in various fields of human activity. It is definitely NOT a terminal text, as for later specialized courses such as Industrial Psychology or Personnel Administration. There are several excellent books for use in such follow-up courses which dovetail very nicely with this college textbook. My primary aim herein is to interest and enthuse all types of students for the practical usefulness of college psychology.
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This Handbook is intended to serve three purposes: (1) to provide a comprehensive survey of applied psychology that differs in point of view from the treatment usually found in textbooks; (2) to provide a detailed account of specialization in professional work that will show how psychologists apply the principles, techniques, and experimental findings of scientific psychology to the solution of everyday practical problems of society; and (3) to provide a description of the organization and administration of professional psychology, its standards and requirements, its relationships with other professions, and its contributions to their practice. Volume one (Chapters I-VIII) is made up of two parts; the first presents general applications of psychology to group living and to individual efficiency and adjustment, and the second deals with the applications of psychology to business and industry. References recommended by the contributors for further general reading are given at the conclusion of each section. A separate bibliography for the chapters of different units is found at the back of Volume two. Volume two contains Chapters IX-XVIII of the handbook.
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This book has developed from the material presented in a course on "Psychological Tests in Vocational Guidance and Selection" which the writer was invited to conduct in Teachers' College, Columbia University. The book is essentially a presentation of the problems and methods of that branch of applied psychology which deals with individual differences in mental constitution. In the present instance only those differences are considered which may seem to be significant in determining the individual's choice of a vocation, or in influencing the selection of workers from among a group of applicants or candidates.
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Psychology considered as the science of human behavior is concerned with man's response to the impressions made upon him by objects, people, and events. They make up the situations that he meets. Behavior--the individual's way of dealing with these situations--if not a complete failure, results finally in some sort of adjustment to the conditions in which one lives; and this adjustment culminates in social and moral habits, in habits of work, in ways of thinking and acting; in short, in habits of life. And through all the adapting process runs the influence of physiological conditions, and the effect of their changes caused by the manner of life and the advance of years. The adjustment may be mechanical and rigid, insensible to misfits, without power to readjust as conditions alter; or, again, it may be flexible and adaptive--capable of new adjustments as circumstances change. This adjustment represents the capacity of man for achievement. It is his efficiency--the strategy and tactics of life. It is well, then, from time to time to take an inventory of stock and try to discover the significance of the facts and principles of human behavior which investigation has revealed. Concerning the more common matters of every-day life, however, psychologists have offered relatively little of interpretative value. Yet these experiences make up the day's work. They determine its quantity and quality. Much has been written about making others efficient, but comparatively little about one's own method of thinking, working, and acting. Yet knowing oneself reaches far into success and failure; and there is no other way of understanding the behavior of others. It is, therefore, in the hope of interpreting a few of these personal experiences of daily life that this book is written. The topics that could be discussed extend far beyond the limits of a single volume. The choice, of course, is largely personal, but the writer has tried to select types of conduct, as well as phases and causes of behavior, that are fundamental to thinking and acting, whether in the life of social intercourse or in the business and professional world. And, after all, thinking and acting determine achievement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).
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